I-Liquid state yisimo esiphakathi nendawo phakathi kwesimo esiqinile kanye nesimo segesi.Izinsimbi eziqinile zakhiwa okusanhlamvu okuningi, izinsimbi zegesi zakhiwa ama-athomu angawodwa afana nezimbulunga ezinwebekayo, futhi izinsimbi eziwuketshezi zakhiwe ngamaqembu amaningi ama-athomu.
1. Izici zesakhiwo sezinsimbi eziwuketshezi
I-Liquid state yisimo esiphakathi nendawo phakathi kwesimo esiqinile kanye nesimo segesi.Izinsimbi eziqinile zakhiwa amakristalu amaningi okusanhlamvu, izinsimbi zegesi zakhiwa ama-athomu angawodwa afana nezimbulunga ezinwebekayo, futhi izinsimbi eziwuketshezi zakhiwe ngamaqembu amaningi e-athomu, futhi izakhiwo zazo zinezimpawu ezilandelayo.
(1) Iqembu ngalinye le-athomu linama-athomu acishe abe ishumi nambili kuya kwamakhulu, asalondoloza amandla aqinile okubopha eqenjini le-athomu futhi angagcina izici zohlelo lokuqinile.Nokho, isibopho phakathi kwamaqembu e-athomu sonakaliswa kakhulu, futhi ibanga phakathi kwamaqembu e-athomu likhulu ngokuqhathaniswa futhi alikhululekile, njengokungathi kunezimbobo.
(2) Amaqembu e-athomu akha insimbi ewuketshezi azinzile kakhulu, ngezinye izikhathi ayakhula futhi ngezinye izikhathi abe mancane.Kungenzeka futhi ukushiya amaqembu e-athomu ngamaqembu futhi ujoyine amanye amaqembu e-athomu, noma wakhe amaqembu e-athomu.
(3) Isilinganiso sosayizi nokuzinza kwamaqembu e-athomu kuhlobene nezinga lokushisa.Uma izinga lokushisa liphakeme, liba lincane ubukhulu obuyisilinganiso bamaqembu e-athomu kanye nokuzinza okubi nakakhulu.
(4) Uma kunezinye izakhi ensimbi, ngenxa yamandla ahlukene okubopha phakathi kwama-athomu ahlukene, ama-athomu anamandla okubopha avame ukuhlangana ndawonye futhi axoshe amanye ama-athomu ngesikhathi esifanayo.Ngakho-ke, kukhona futhi inhomogeneity yokubunjwa phakathi kwamaqembu e-athomu, okungukuthi, ukuguquguquka kokuhlushwa, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nezinhlanganisela ezingazinzile noma ezizinzile zenziwa.
2. Ukuncibilika kanye Nokuncibilika
Phakathi nenqubo yokuncibilika kwe-alloy, kunezinqubo ezimbili ngesikhathi esisodwa zokuncibilika nokuqedwa.Lapho i-alloy ishiselwa ekushiseni okuthile, iqala ukuncibilika, futhi isimo sayo se-thermodynamic sishisa ngokweqile.Ukuncibilika kusho ukuthi insimbi eqinile iguguleka ukuncibilika kwensimbi bese ingena esixazululweni ukuze kufezeke inqubo yokuguqulwa kokuqinile kuya kuketshezi.Ukuhlakazeka akudingi ukushisisa, kodwa uma izinga lokushisa liphezulu, izinga lokuqedwa liyashesha.
Eqinisweni, kuphela lapho indawo yokuncibilika ye-alloying element iphakeme kunezinga lokushisa lesisombululo se-alloy yethusi, inqubo ye-alloying element engena ekuncibilikeni kuyinkqubo ehlanzekile yokuhlakazeka.Kuma-alloys ethusi, isibonelo, izakhi zensimbi, i-nickel, i-chromium ne-manganese kanye nezinto ezingezona ezensimbi i-silicon, ikhabhoni, njll., kuqondwa njengenqubo yokuhlakazeka lapho.Eqinisweni, kokubili izinqubo zokuncibilika nokuncibilika zenzeka ngesikhathi esisodwa, inqubo yokuncibilika ikhuthaza inqubo yokuncibilika.
Kunezici eziningi ezithinta izinga lokuchithwa kwensimbi.
Okokuqala, lapho izinga lokushisa liphakeme, ukuchithwa kuhle kakhulu.
Okwesibili, ihlobene nendawo engaphezulu yento encibilikayo, indawo engaphezulu yendawo enkulu, izinga lokuchithwa lishesha.
Izinga lokuhlakazeka kwensimbi nalo lihlobene nokunyakaza kokuncibilika.Lapho ukuncibilika kugeleza, izinga lokuncibilika likhulu kunelensimbi ekuncibilikeni okumile, futhi lapho ukuncibilika kugeleza ngokushesha, izinga lokuncibilika liyoba ngokushesha.
Ukuqedwa kanye ne-Alloying
Lapho kwenziwa ama-alloys okokuqala, kwakucatshangwa ukuthi ukuncibilika kufanele kuqale ngezingxenye okunzima ukuncibilika (futhi zibe namaphuzu aphezulu ancibilika).Isibonelo, lapho ama-alloys e-copper-nickel angu-80% kanye nama-20% e-nickel eqala ukwenziwa, i-nickel enephuzu lokuncibilika elingu-1451°C yaqale yancibilika kwase kwengezwa ithusi.Enye incibilikisa ikhopha bese iyishisisa ifike ku-1500 ℃ ngaphambi kokwengeza i-nickel ukuze incibilike.Ngemva kokuba i-theory yama-alloys yathuthukiswa, ikakhulukazi i-theory yezixazululo, lezi zindlela ezimbili zokuncibilika ezingenhla zashiywa.
Ukubekwa kwezinto ezingezona i-alloying
Kunezizathu eziningi zokwanda okuqhubekayo kanye nemvula yezinto ezingezona i-alloying ezinsimbi nama-alloys.
Ukungcola okulethwa kushaje yensimbi
Ngisho noma inqubo imfucuza ekhiqizwa inqubo yokukhiqiza yefekthri yethu isetshenziswa ngokuphindaphindiwe, okuqukethwe kwezakhi zokungcola ekukhokhisweni kuzoqhubeka nokukhula ngenxa yezizathu ezihlukahlukene.Ngokuqondene nokuxuba izinto zokwakha noma ukusebenzisa izinto eziningi ezithengiwe ezinemvelaphi engacacile, ukungcola okungenzeka kanye nemiphumela engase ibe khona ngokuvamile kungenakulinganiswa nakakhulu.
Ukukhetha okungalungile kwempahla yokufakwa kwesithando somlilo
Izakhi ezithile ekuncibilikeni zingase zisabele ngamakhemikhali kuzo ezingeni lokushisa elincibilikayo.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Feb-18-2022